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vim [2011/06/28 14:37] – k2patelvim [2020/08/10 02:35] (current) – external edit 127.0.0.1
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 whereas vi would be a great text editor if only it had a decent operating system. whereas vi would be a great text editor if only it had a decent operating system.
  
 +==== vi cheat-sheet ====
 +
 +<code text>
 +a. cursor movements (items below are sometimes called objects):
 +        h - left one character
 +        l - right one character
 +        j - down one line
 +        k - up one line
 +        w - right one word
 +        b - back one word
 +        $ - to the end of line
 +        0 - to the beginning of the line
 +        ) - right one sentence
 +        ( - left one sentence
 +        } - right one paragraph
 +        { - left one paragraph
 +        Ctrl-F - forward one page
 +        Ctrl-B - back one page
 +        G - go to (without arguments, go to end of file)
 +b. deleting:
 +        d - delete
 +                then add one of the cursor movement symbols to
 +                show what should be deleted, i.e.:
 +                d$ - delete to end of line
 +                d0 - delete to the beginning of the line
 +                d} - delete to the end of paragraph
 +        dd - delete delete (delete the whole line)
 +        x - delete character cursor is on
 +c. other basic commands:
 +        r - replace one character
 +        ZZ - save and exit (hold down shift and press "z" twice)
 +        y - yank (copy into temporary buffer)
 +                then add cursor movement symbol to show what should be
 +                copied, for example: y) - copy to the end of sentence
 +        Y - yank line cursor is on
 +        p - paste below cursor line (deleted or copied text)
 +        P - paste above cursor line
 +        u - undo last editing command
 +        /sometext - search for "sometext"
 +d. any command can take numeric argument before the name of "object", i.e.:
 +        5dd - delete 5 lines beginning with cursor line (or) d5d - same
 +        2dw - delete two words (or) d2w - delete two words
 +        c3w - change 3 words
 +        3Ctrl-B - move up three pages
 +        1G - go to the first line
 +e. external commands can be performed on the selected text (in lines)
 +   if command is started with "!", i.e.:
 +        !}fmt - reformat paragraph to 72 columns
 +f. command line (sometimes called "ex mode"):
 +        :
 +g. from the command line a "set" command can be executed to 
 +   customize editing environment, i.e.:
 +        :set all - will show the state of all options
 +        :set number - will show on the screen numbers of all lines
 +        :set autoindent   // obvious
 +h. from the command line operations can be performed on the range of lines,
 +   i.e.:
 +        :18,24 del - delete from line 18 to line 24
 +        :23,48 copy 17 - block from line 23 to 48 copy to line 17
 +        :2,17 move 92 - block from line 2 to 17 move to line 92
 +i. from the command line any external UNIX command can be performed on 
 +   the range of lines if line range is superseded by "!":
 +        :11,16! sed -e "s/^/\/\*/" -e "s/$/\*\//"
 +                (the command above wraps the block of text with
 +                 "C" style comments - /* text */.  It can be done
 +                  easier, but this is an example)
 +        :14,19! sort -r +3
 +                (sort the table in reverse order by fourth column)
 +j. file manipulation from the command line:
 +        :r somefile - read in "somefile"
 +        :x - save and exit (if file is "Read Only", this command will
 +                exit without saving)
 +        :wq - write and quit (same as above)
 +        :w - write (save) if the file permissions allow it
 +        :w! - save file even if it is read-only as long as we own it
 +        :w somefile - save this file as "somefile"
 +        :q - quit without saving
 +        :q! - quit without saving if changes were made
 +k. text input commands (all require "Esc" to terminate):
 +        i - insert text before the character cursor is on
 +        I - insert text at the beginning of the line
 +        a - append (insert text after the character cursor is on)
 +        A - append text to the end of the line
 +        c - change (replace previous text with new one)
 +                takes arguments just like the delete command - it is
 +                a fast and powerful way of changing original text -
 +                much more so than typical "overwrite"
 +        R - start overwriting text
 +        o - start entering text at the beginning of the new line
 +            below the cursor
 +        O - start entering text at the beginning of the new line
 +            above the cursor
 +l. if in doubt, press "Esc"
 +</code>
 +
 +[[http://www.infobound.com/vi.html | Ref.]]
 ==== File Cleaning ==== ==== File Cleaning ====
  
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 +==== Saving file as root ====
 +At some point you would like to save file as root.
 +
 +<code bash>
 +:w !sudo tee %
 +</code>
 +
 +==== Quick tools ====
 +Comment line from current line.
 +<code bash>
 +:.,$s/^/#/g
 +</code>
 ==== Marking ==== ==== Marking ====
 +<code vim>
 +mk - record current location as mark k (redefines any previous mark k)
 +'k - return to line of mark k               
 +`k - return to mark k
 +d'k - delete to line of mark k              
 +d`k - delete to mark k
 +c'k - change text to line of mark k         
 +c`k - change text to mark k
 +"ay'd - yank text into buffer a from cursor through line of mark d
 +</code>
 +
 +==== Editing ====
 +<code vim>
 +o - open a new line above cursor(*)
 +O - open a new line below cursor(*)
 +i - insert text ahead of cursor(*)                
 +I - insert text at the beginning of the line(*)
 +a - append text after the cursor(*)               
 +A - append text at the end of the line(*)
 +c$ - change to end of the line (*)                
 +d$ - delete to end of the line
 +C - same as c$ (*)                                
 +D - same as d$
 +cG - change to end of the file (*)                
 +dG - delete to end of the file
 +c0 - change to beginning of file (*)              
 +d0 - delete to beginning of file
 +cc - change line (*)                              
 +dd - delete line
 +c'm - change from cursor through mark m (*)       
 +d'm - delete from cursor through mark m
 +3cc - change 3 lines (*)                          
 +3dd - delete 3 lines
 +8cw - change next 8 words (*)                     
 +8dw - delete next 8 words
 +R - overwrite current line, starting at cursor(*) 
 +r - replace character at cursor 
 +s - substitute for character at cursor (*)        
 +8s - substitute for next 8 characters (*)        
 +S - substitute for entire line (*)                
 +J - join two lines together
 +. - repeats previous edit command                 
 +xp - transpose two characters
 +easESC - add a plural, and go back to command mode
 +</code>
 +
 +==== Handling ====
 +<code txt>
 +h - move to the left                            
 +CTL-f - change display forward a page
 +j - `jump` down a line                          
 +CTL-b - change display back a page
 +k - move up a line                              
 +CTL-d - change display down half a page
 +l - move to the right                           
 +CTL-u - change display up half a page
 +- - same as k                                   
 +CTL-y - shift display down on screen
 ++ - same as j                                   
 +CTL-e - shift display up on screen
 +e - move to the end of a word                   
 +z. - recenter display around cursor
 +w - move forward to the beginning of a word     
 +z- - recenter display so cursor is at top
 +b - move backward to the beginning of a word    
 +z+ - recenter display aso cursor is at bottom
 +$ - move to the end of the line                 
 +zCR - recenter display so cursor is at top
 +0 - move to the beginning of the line           
 +'m - move to the beginning of the line of mark m
 +^ - move to the beginning of the line           
 +`m - move to the location of mark m
 +G - move to the end of the file
 +gg - move to the beginning of the file                 
 +) - move forward 1 sentence
 +H - move to the top of the display              
 +( - move back 1 sentence
 +M - move to the middle of the display            
 +} - move forward 1 paragraph
 +L - move to the bottom of the display            
 +{ - move back 1 paragraph
 +B - move back to previous blank space           
 +20| - go to 20th character in the line
 +E - move ahead to next blank space              
 +CTL-L - clear and redraw
 +B - move back to previous blank space           
 +CR - same as j
 +CTL-G - print current location in the file       
 +:22 - move to line 22
 +6w - move forward 6 words
 +6b - move backward 6 words
 +8+ - move down 8 lines
 +</code>
 +
 +
 +==== Play with Buffers ====
 +<code txt>
 +yy - yank current line to unnamed buffer            
 +"j8yy - yank 8 lines into buffer j
 +19yy - yank next 19 lines to unnamed buffer         
 +"J8YY - append the next 8 lines into buffer j
 +p - put unnamed buffer contents after cursor                  
 +p - recover previous edit
 +P - put unnamed buffer contents before cursor               
 +"1p - recover 2nd previous edit
 +19dd - delete next 19 lines, and put them in unnamed buffer 
 +"7p - recover 8th previous edit
 +"bp - put the contents of buffer p into current file 
 +:11,14 ya w - yank lines 11 through 14 into buffer w
 +:94 pu w - put contents of buffer w after line 94
 +</code>
  
 ===== VIM Scripts ===== ===== VIM Scripts =====
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 === VIM Variable / Initialization (.vimrc) === === VIM Variable / Initialization (.vimrc) ===
 +OR
 +=== You can use .exrc ===
  
 == toggle syntax highlighting == == toggle syntax highlighting ==
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     * list: an ordered sequence of values delimited by square brackets, with implicit integer indices starting at zero. For example: ['Cinema', 'Literature', 'World Domination', 101]     * list: an ordered sequence of values delimited by square brackets, with implicit integer indices starting at zero. For example: ['Cinema', 'Literature', 'World Domination', 101]
     * dictionary: an unordered set of values delimited by braces, with explicit string keys. For example: {'cell':5551017346, 'home':5558038728, 'work':'?'}     * dictionary: an unordered set of values delimited by braces, with explicit string keys. For example: {'cell':5551017346, 'home':5558038728, 'work':'?'}
 +
 +=== Sample .vimrc ===
 +<code bash>
 +set number
 +"       show line number
 +
 +set nocompatible 
 +"       This setting prevents vim from emulating the original vi's bugs and limitations.
 +
 +set autoindent
 +set smartindent 
 +"       The first setting tells vim to use "autoindent" 
 +"       (that is, use the current line's indent level to set the indent level of newlines). 
 +"       The second makes vim attempt to intelligently guess the indent level of any new line based on the previous line, 
 +"       assuming the source file is in a C-like language. Combined, they are very useful in writing well-formatted source code.
 +
 +set tabstop=4
 +set shiftwidth=4 
 +"       I prefer 4-space tabs to 8-space tabs. The first setting sets up 4-space tabs,
 +"       and the second tells vi to use 4 spaces when text is indented (auto or with the manual indent adjustmenters.)
 +
 +set showmatch 
 +"       This setting will cause the cursor to very briefly jump to a brace/parenthese/bracket's "match" 
 +"       whenever you type a closing or opening brace/parenthese/bracket. 
 +"       I've had almost no mismatched-punctuation errors since I started using this setting.
 +
 +set guioptions-=T 
 +"       I find the toolbar in the GUI version of vim (gvim) to be somewhat useless visual clutter.
 +"       This option gets rid of the toolbar.
 +
 +set vb t_vb= 
 +"       This setting prevents vi from making its annoying beeps when a command doesn't work.
 +"       Instead, it briefly flashes the screen -- much less annoying.
 +
 +set ruler 
 +"       This setting ensures that each window contains a statusline that displays the current cursor position.
 +
 +set nohls 
 +"       By default, search matches are highlighted. I find this annoying most of the time. 
 +"       This option turns off search highlighting. You can always turn it back on with :set hls.
 +
 +set incsearch 
 +"       With this nifty option, vim will search for text as you enter it. 
 +"       For instance, if you type /bob to search for bob, vi will go to the first "b" after you type the "b," 
 +"       to the first "bo" after you type the "o," and so on. 
 +"       It makes searching much faster, since if you pay attention you never have to enter 
 +"       more than the minimum number of characters to find your target location. 
 +"       Make sure that you press Enter to accept the match after vim finds the location you want.
 +
 +set virtualedit=all 
 +"       By default, vim doesn't let the cursor stray beyond the defined text. 
 +"       This setting allows the cursor to freely roam anywhere it likes in command mode. 
 +"       It feels weird at first but is quite useful.
 +
 +"       Type :help options within vim to get a complete list of options. 
 +
 +highlight Comment ctermfg=green
 +"       Comments are shown in a brightgreen color which is visible clearly as against 
 +"       a dark blue which is annoyingly hard to read to read, at least to me.
 +
 +
 +:set nu ts=4 sw=4 shiftround ignorecase smartcase
 +" let perl_fold=1
 +:colorscheme elflord
 +" to set the title of the window where you are working
 +
 +:set title
 +:auto BufEnter * let &titlestring = hostname() . ":" . expand("%:p")
 +:auto BufEnter * let &titleold = hostname() . ":" . getcwd()
 +
 +:set statusline+=%f\
 +:set smartindent
 +:set expandtab
 +:set tabstop=4
 +
 +
 +:set ruler
 +:set nowrap
 +:set incsearch
 +
 +:au Syntax pl   source ~/.vim/test.vim
 +:au Syntax pm   source ~/.vim/test.vim
 +:au Syntax pod  source ~/.vim/test.vim
 +:au Syntax lib  source ~/.vim/test.vim
 +
 +":set foldmethod=indent
 +":set foldlevel=0
 +
 +</code>
 +
  
 ==== Basic Info ==== ==== Basic Info ====
vim.1309271837.txt.gz · Last modified: 2020/08/10 02:29 (external edit)