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--- vim [2012/09/26 16:27]
k2patel [Handling]
+++ vim [2020/08/10 02:35]
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-====== VIM ======
-There's an old joke that Emacs would be a great operating system if only it had a decent text editor,\\
-whereas vi would be a great text editor if only it had a decent operating system.
-==== vi cheat-sheet ====
-<code text>
-a. cursor movements (items below are sometimes called objects):
-        h - left one character
-        l - right one character
-        j - down one line
-        k - up one line
-        w - right one word
-        b - back one word
-        $ - to the end of line
-- to the beginning of the line
-        ) - right one sentence
-        ( - left one sentence
-        } - right one paragraph
-        { - left one paragraph
-        Ctrl-F - forward one page
-        Ctrl-B - back one page
-        G - go to (without arguments, go to end of file)
-b. deleting:
-        d - delete
-                then add one of the cursor movement symbols to
-                show what should be deleted, i.e.:
-                d$ - delete to end of line
-                d0 - delete to the beginning of the line
-                d} - delete to the end of paragraph
-        dd - delete delete (delete the whole line)
-        x - delete character cursor is on
-c. other basic commands:
-        r - replace one character
-        ZZ - save and exit (hold down shift and press "z" twice)
-        y - yank (copy into temporary buffer)
-                then add cursor movement symbol to show what should be
-                copied, for example: y) - copy to the end of sentence
-        Y - yank line cursor is on
-        p - paste below cursor line (deleted or copied text)
-        P - paste above cursor line
-        u - undo last editing command
-        /sometext - search for "sometext"
-d. any command can take numeric argument before the name of "object", i.e.:
-dd - delete 5 lines beginning with cursor line (or) d5d - same
-dw - delete two words (or) d2w - delete two words
-        c3w - change 3 words
-Ctrl-B - move up three pages
-G - go to the first line
-e. external commands can be performed on the selected text (in lines)
-   if command is started with "!", i.e.:
-        !}fmt - reformat paragraph to 72 columns
-f. command line (sometimes called "ex mode"):
-        :
-g. from the command line a "set" command can be executed to
-   customize editing environment, i.e.:
-        :set all - will show the state of all options
-        :set number - will show on the screen numbers of all lines
-        :set autoindent   // obvious
-h. from the command line operations can be performed on the range of lines,
-   i.e.:
-        :18,24 del - delete from line 18 to line 24
-        :23,48 copy 17 - block from line 23 to 48 copy to line 17
-        :2,17 move 92 - block from line 2 to 17 move to line 92
-i. from the command line any external UNIX command can be performed on
-   the range of lines if line range is superseded by "!":
-        :11,16! sed -e "s/^/\/\*/" -e "s/$/\*\//"
-                (the command above wraps the block of text with
-                 "C" style comments - /* text */.  It can be done
-                  easier, but this is an example)
-        :14,19! sort -r +3
-                (sort the table in reverse order by fourth column)
-j. file manipulation from the command line:
-        :r somefile - read in "somefile"
-        :x - save and exit (if file is "Read Only", this command will
-                exit without saving)
-        :wq - write and quit (same as above)
-        :w - write (save) if the file permissions allow it
-        :w! - save file even if it is read-only as long as we own it
-        :w somefile - save this file as "somefile"
-        :q - quit without saving
-        :q! - quit without saving if changes were made
-k. text input commands (all require "Esc" to terminate):
-        i - insert text before the character cursor is on
-        I - insert text at the beginning of the line
-        a - append (insert text after the character cursor is on)
-        A - append text to the end of the line
-        c - change (replace previous text with new one)
-                takes arguments just like the delete command - it is
-                a fast and powerful way of changing original text -
-                much more so than typical "overwrite"
-        R - start overwriting text
-        o - start entering text at the beginning of the new line
-            below the cursor
-        O - start entering text at the beginning of the new line
-            above the cursor
-l. if in doubt, press "Esc"
-</code>
-[[http://www.infobound.com/vi.html | Ref.]]
-==== File Cleaning ====
-=== Remove Blank line from the file ===
-to remove blank lines please use following.
-<code bash>
-:g/^$/d
-</code>
-OR
-<code bash>
-:g/^ *$/d
-</code>
-=== Remove Tailing space as well space at beginning using VI ===
-To remove tailing space
-<code bash>
-:%s/\s\+$//
-</code>
-To remove space at beginning
-<code bash>
-:%s/^\s\+//
-</code>
-=== Replace tab with space ===
-To replace tab with space you need to use
-<code bash>
-:%s/[CTRL-i]/ /g
-</code>
-=== Delete Line start with ===
-To delete lines start with some word e.g. Redirect
-<code bash>
-:g/^Redirect/d
-</code>
-=== Remove Dos / Windows carriage-return ===
-To remove Carriage return in vi use following
-<code bash>
-:%s/^M//g
-</code>
-NOTE : to create "^M" use "Ctrl+v Ctrl+M" Regular ^M does not help.
-==== Convert all character to lower OR upper case ====
-NOTE : This will apply to whole file as we are using (%)\\
-To convert upper case use following
-<code bash>
-:%s/\([a-z]\)/\u\1/g
-</code>
-To convert lower case use following
-<code bash>
-:%s/\([A-Z]\)/\l\1/g
-</code>
-==== Match Start of line Append End of line ====
-To Match Start of line and append that line use following\\
-(search Append end of line)
-<code bash>
-%g/^DocumentRoot/s/$/\/www/
-</code>
-Which append "/www" if start of line is "DocumentRoot".
-Also you can append after word by following.
-<code bash>
-%s/word/&test/g
-</code>
-So all word is get replaced by "wordtest".
-==== Saving file as root ====
-At some point you would like to save file as root.
-<code bash>
-:w !sudo tee %
-</code>
-==== Marking ====
-<code vim>
-mk - record current location as mark k (redefines any previous mark k)
-'k - return to line of mark k
-`k - return to mark k
-d'k - delete to line of mark k
-d`k - delete to mark k
-c'k - change text to line of mark k
-c`k - change text to mark k
-"ay'd - yank text into buffer a from cursor through line of mark d
-</code>
-==== Editing ====
-<code vim>
-o - open a new line above cursor(*)
-O - open a new line below cursor(*)
-i - insert text ahead of cursor(*)
-I - insert text at the beginning of the line(*)
-a - append text after the cursor(*)
-A - append text at the end of the line(*)
-c$ - change to end of the line (*)
-d$ - delete to end of the line
-C - same as c$ (*)
-D - same as d$
-cG - change to end of the file (*)
-dG - delete to end of the file
-c0 - change to beginning of file (*)
-d0 - delete to beginning of file
-cc - change line (*)
-dd - delete line
-c'm - change from cursor through mark m (*)
-d'm - delete from cursor through mark m
-cc - change 3 lines (*)
-dd - delete 3 lines
-cw - change next 8 words (*)
-dw - delete next 8 words
-R - overwrite current line, starting at cursor(*)
-r - replace character at cursor
-s - substitute for character at cursor (*)
-s - substitute for next 8 characters (*)
-S - substitute for entire line (*)
-J - join two lines together
-. - repeats previous edit command
-xp - transpose two characters
-easESC - add a plural, and go back to command mode
-</code>
-==== Handling ====
-<code txt>
-h - move to the left
-CTL-f - change display forward a page
-j - `jump` down a line
-CTL-b - change display back a page
-k - move up a line
-CTL-d - change display down half a page
-l - move to the right
-CTL-u - change display up half a page
-- - same as k
-CTL-y - shift display down on screen
-+ - same as j
-CTL-e - shift display up on screen
-e - move to the end of a word
-z. - recenter display around cursor
-w - move forward to the beginning of a word
-z- - recenter display so cursor is at top
-b - move backward to the beginning of a word
-z+ - recenter display aso cursor is at bottom
-$ - move to the end of the line
-zCR - recenter display so cursor is at top
-- move to the beginning of the line
-'m - move to the beginning of the line of mark m
-^ - move to the beginning of the line
-`m - move to the location of mark m
-G - move to the end of the file
-gg - move to the beginning of the file
-) - move forward 1 sentence
-H - move to the top of the display
-( - move back 1 sentence
-M - move to the middle of the display
-} - move forward 1 paragraph
-L - move to the bottom of the display
-{ - move back 1 paragraph
-B - move back to previous blank space
-| - go to 20th character in the line
-E - move ahead to next blank space
-CTL-L - clear and redraw
-B - move back to previous blank space
-CR - same as j
-CTL-G - print current location in the file
-:22 - move to line 22
-w - move forward 6 words
-b - move backward 6 words
-+ - move down 8 lines
-</code>
-==== Play with Buffers ====
-<code txt>
-yy - yank current line to unnamed buffer
-"j8yy - yank 8 lines into buffer j
-yy - yank next 19 lines to unnamed buffer
-"J8YY - append the next 8 lines into buffer j
-p - put unnamed buffer contents after cursor
-p - recover previous edit
-P - put unnamed buffer contents before cursor
-"1p - recover 2nd previous edit
-dd - delete next 19 lines, and put them in unnamed buffer
-"7p - recover 8th previous edit
-"bp - put the contents of buffer p into current file
-:11,14 ya w - yank lines 11 through 14 into buffer w
-:94 pu w - put contents of buffer w after line 94
-</code>
-===== VIM Scripts =====
-Introduction to vim scripts  ":help vim-script-intro"\\
-== Running Vim scripts ==
-There is many way to run vim script simple way is to run calling script from `source`
-<code bash>
-:source /home/yahoo/test.vim
-</code>
-You can also call command from script directly
-<code bash>
-:call MyBackupFunc(expand('%'), { 'all':1, 'save':'recent'})
-</code>
-You can do mapping of the keyboard using the variables.
-<code bash>
-:nmap ;s :source /home/yahoo/test.vim<CR>
-</code>
-The key sequence `;s` will execute the specified script file\\
-You can call fucntion using the stored mapping same way.
-<code bash>
-:nmap \b :call MyBackupFunc(expand('%'), { 'all': 1 })<CR>
-</code>
-To call the function you need to call enter squence `\b`
-=== syntax highlighting ===
-VIM support syntax highlighting. to turn it on.
-<code bash>
-:syntax on
-</code>
-to turn it off
-<code bash>
-:syntax off
-</code>
-=== VIM Variable / Initialization (.vimrc) ===
-OR
-=== You can use .exrc ===
-== toggle syntax highlighting ==
-<code bash>
-function! ToggleSyntax()
-   if exists("g:syntax_on")
-      syntax off
-   else
-      syntax enable
-   endif
-endfunction
-nmap <silent>  ;s  :call ToggleSyntax()<CR>
-</code>
-`;s` sequence to flip syntax highlighting on or off every time typed when you're in Normal mode.\\
-nmap stands for "normal-mode key mapping".\\
-<silent>  option causes the mapping not to echo any command it's executing.
-==  Creating centered titles ==
-<code bash>
-function! CapitalizeCenterAndMoveDown()
-   s/\<./\u&/g   "Built-in substitution capitalizes each word
-   center        "Built-in center command centers entire line
-   +1            "Built-in relative motion (+1 line down)
-endfunction
-nmap <silent>  \C  :call CapitalizeCenterAndMoveDown()<CR>
-</code>
-single backslash used for continuation marker
-<code bash>
-call SetName(
-\             first_name,
-\             middle_initial,
-\             family_name
-\           )
-</code>
-Also you can use "|" to write two line on singe line.
-<code bash>
-echo "Starting..." | call Phase(1) | call Phase(2) | echo "Done"
-</code>
-You can comment using single quote, as double quote used to define a string.\\
-also you can use "|" to escape the comment in some cases.
-<code bash>
-echo "> " |"Print generic prompt
-</code>
-=== Defining variable ===
-to define variable you need to use word `let`
-<code bash>
-let name = "Damian"
-let height = 165
-let interests = [ 'Cinema', 'Literature', 'World Domination', 101 ]
-let phone     = { 'cell':5551017346, 'home':5558038728, 'work':'?' }
-</code>
-    *  scalar: a single value, such as a string or a number. For example: "Damian" or 165
-    * list: an ordered sequence of values delimited by square brackets, with implicit integer indices starting at zero. For example: ['Cinema', 'Literature', 'World Domination', 101]
-    * dictionary: an unordered set of values delimited by braces, with explicit string keys. For example: {'cell':5551017346, 'home':5558038728, 'work':'?'}
-=== Sample .vimrc ===
-<code bash>
-set number
-"       show line number
-set nocompatible
-"       This setting prevents vim from emulating the original vi's bugs and limitations.
-set autoindent
-set smartindent
-"       The first setting tells vim to use "autoindent"
-"       (that is, use the current line's indent level to set the indent level of newlines).
-"       The second makes vim attempt to intelligently guess the indent level of any new line based on the previous line,
-"       assuming the source file is in a C-like language. Combined, they are very useful in writing well-formatted source code.
-set tabstop=4
-set shiftwidth=4
-"       I prefer 4-space tabs to 8-space tabs. The first setting sets up 4-space tabs,
-"       and the second tells vi to use 4 spaces when text is indented (auto or with the manual indent adjustmenters.)
-set showmatch
-"       This setting will cause the cursor to very briefly jump to a brace/parenthese/bracket's "match"
-"       whenever you type a closing or opening brace/parenthese/bracket.
-"       I've had almost no mismatched-punctuation errors since I started using this setting.
-set guioptions-=T
-"       I find the toolbar in the GUI version of vim (gvim) to be somewhat useless visual clutter.
-"       This option gets rid of the toolbar.
-set vb t_vb=
-"       This setting prevents vi from making its annoying beeps when a command doesn't work.
-"       Instead, it briefly flashes the screen -- much less annoying.
-set ruler
-"       This setting ensures that each window contains a statusline that displays the current cursor position.
-set nohls
-"       By default, search matches are highlighted. I find this annoying most of the time.
-"       This option turns off search highlighting. You can always turn it back on with :set hls.
-set incsearch
-"       With this nifty option, vim will search for text as you enter it.
-"       For instance, if you type /bob to search for bob, vi will go to the first "b" after you type the "b,"
-"       to the first "bo" after you type the "o," and so on.
-"       It makes searching much faster, since if you pay attention you never have to enter
-"       more than the minimum number of characters to find your target location.
-"       Make sure that you press Enter to accept the match after vim finds the location you want.
-set virtualedit=all
-"       By default, vim doesn't let the cursor stray beyond the defined text.
-"       This setting allows the cursor to freely roam anywhere it likes in command mode.
-"       It feels weird at first but is quite useful.
-"       Type :help options within vim to get a complete list of options.
-highlight Comment ctermfg=green
-"       Comments are shown in a brightgreen color which is visible clearly as against
-"       a dark blue which is annoyingly hard to read to read, at least to me.
-:set nu ts=4 sw=4 shiftround ignorecase smartcase
-" let perl_fold=1
-:colorscheme elflord
-" to set the title of the window where you are working
-:set title
-:auto BufEnter * let &titlestring = hostname() . ":" . expand("%:p")
-:auto BufEnter * let &titleold = hostname() . ":" . getcwd()
-:set statusline+=%f\
-:set smartindent
-:set expandtab
-:set tabstop=4
-:set ruler
-:set nowrap
-:set incsearch
-:au Syntax pl   source ~/.vim/test.vim
-:au Syntax pm   source ~/.vim/test.vim
-:au Syntax pod  source ~/.vim/test.vim
-:au Syntax lib  source ~/.vim/test.vim
-":set foldmethod=indent
-":set foldlevel=0
-</code>
-==== Basic Info ====
-== Variable scoping ==
-<code text>
-g: varname  	 The variable is global
-s: varname 	The variable is local to the current script file
-w: varname 	The variable is local to the current editor window
-t: varname 	The variable is local to the current editor tab
-b: varname 	The variable is local to the current editor buffer
-l: varname 	The variable is local to the current function
-a: varname 	The variable is a parameter of the current function
-v: varname 	The variable is one that Vim predefines
-</code>
-== pseudovariables ==
-<code text>
-& varname  	 A Vim option (local option if defined, otherwise global)
-&l: varname 	A local Vim option
-&g: varname 	A global Vim option
-@ varname 	A Vim register
-$ varname 	An environment variable
-</code>

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