Fail2Ban¶
Nice - Lightweight - Protection to linux box
You can do more than expected with this utility.
Here i am using SSH and FTP setting to protect my bandwidth from script kidies.
Installation¶
Fail2ban is written in Python, thus no compilation is required. You can even run Fail2ban without installing it.
Following is the installation procedure for the centOS.
Enable fail2ban during system startup. and start it
Configuration¶
Configuration file is named as jail.conf located at "/etc/fail2ban"
Following Options you might consider to setup before proceed.
ignoreip - you might be consider setting your known ip in this section
bantime - time specified here is in seconds
maxretry - ban after any ip cross this limit.
filter - specify filter file e.g. /etc/fail2ban/filter.d
action - specify action file e.g. /etc/fail2ban/action.d
logpath - where fail2ban look for log
Sample Config file
File: /etc/fail2ban/jail.conf
# Fail2Ban configuration file
#
# Author: Cyril Jaquier
#
# $Revision: 617 $
#
# The DEFAULT allows a global definition of the options. They can be override
# in each jail afterwards.
[DEFAULT]
# "ignoreip" can be an IP address, a CIDR mask or a DNS host. Fail2ban will not
# ban a host which matches an address in this list. Several addresses can be
# defined using space separator.
ignoreip = 127.0.0.1 192.168.1.4
# "bantime" is the number of seconds that a host is banned.
bantime = 600
# A host is banned if it has generated "maxretry" during the last "findtime"
# seconds.
findtime = 600
# "maxretry" is the number of failures before a host get banned.
maxretry = 3
# "backend" specifies the backend used to get files modification. Available
# options are "gamin", "polling" and "auto". This option can be overridden in
# each jail too (use "gamin" for a jail and "polling" for another).
#
# gamin: requires Gamin (a file alteration monitor) to be installed. If Gamin
# is not installed, Fail2ban will use polling.
# polling: uses a polling algorithm which does not require external libraries.
# auto: will choose Gamin if available and polling otherwise.
backend = auto
[ssh-iptables]
enabled = true
filter = sshd
action = iptables-new[name=SSH, port=ssh, protocol=tcp]
sendmail-whois[name=SSH, dest=[email protected], sender=[email protected]]
logpath = /var/log/secure
maxretry = 5
[kernel-iptables]
enabled = true
filter = kernel
action = iptables-allports[name=kernel, protocol=all]
sendmail-whois[name=KERNEL, dest=[email protected], sender=[email protected]]
logpath = /var/log/messages
maxretry = 2
[proftpd-iptables]
enabled = true
filter = proftpd
action = iptables[name=ProFTPD, port=ftp, protocol=tcp]
sendmail-whois[name=ProFTPD, dest=[email protected]]
logpath = /var/log/secure
maxretry = 6
[sasl-iptables]
enabled = true
filter = sasl
backend = polling
action = iptables[name=sasl, port=smtp, protocol=tcp]
sendmail-whois[name=sasl, dest=[email protected]]
logpath = /var/log/maillog
[apache-tcpwrapper]
enabled = true
filter = apache-auth
action = hostsdeny
logpath = /var/log/httpd/*error_log
maxretry = 6
[postfix-tcpwrapper]
enabled = true
filter = postfix
action = hostsdeny
sendmail[name=Postfix, dest=[email protected]]
logpath = /var/log/maillog
bantime = 300
[courierpop3]
enabled = true
port = pop3
filter = courierlogin
action = iptables[name=%(__name__)s, port=%(port)s]
logpath = /var/log/maillog
maxretry = 5
[courierimap]
enabled = true
port = imap2
filter = courierlogin
action = iptables[name=%(__name__)s, port=%(port)s]
logpath = /var/log/maillog
maxretry = 5
[ssh-tcpwrapper]
enabled = false
filter = sshd
action = hostsdeny
sendmail-whois[name=SSH, dest=[email protected]]
ignoreregex = for myuser from
logpath = /var/log/secure
[vsftpd-notification]
enabled = false
filter = vsftpd
action = sendmail-whois[name=VSFTPD, dest=[email protected]]
logpath = /var/log/secure
maxretry = 5
bantime = 1800
[vsftpd-iptables]
enabled = false
filter = vsftpd
action = iptables[name=VSFTPD, port=ftp, protocol=tcp]
sendmail-whois[name=VSFTPD, dest=[email protected]]
logpath = /var/log/secure
maxretry = 5
bantime = 1800
[apache-badbots]
enabled = false
filter = apache-badbots
action = iptables-multiport[name=BadBots, port="http,https"]
sendmail-buffered[name=BadBots, lines=5, dest=[email protected]]
logpath = /var/log/httpd/*access_log
bantime = 172800
maxretry = 1
[apache-shorewall]
enabled = false
filter = apache-noscript
action = shorewall
sendmail[name=Apache, dest=[email protected]]
logpath = /var/log/httpd/error_log
[ssh-ipfw]
enabled = false
filter = sshd
action = ipfw[localhost=192.168.0.1]
sendmail-whois[name="SSH,IPFW", dest=[email protected]]
logpath = /var/log/secure
ignoreip = 168.192.0.1
[named-refused-udp]
enabled = false
filter = named-refused
action = iptables-multiport[name=Named, port="domain,953", protocol=udp]
sendmail-whois[name=Named, dest=[email protected]]
logpath = /var/log/secure
ignoreip = 168.192.0.1
[named-refused-tcp]
enabled = false
filter = named-refused
action = iptables-multiport[name=Named, port="domain,953", protocol=tcp]
sendmail-whois[name=Named, dest=[email protected]]
logpath = /var/log/secure
ignoreip = 168.192.0.1
NOTE : In above configuration i am using custom config file for "Treason uncloaked!"
which require you to create new file as below.
File: /etc/fail2ban/filter.d/kernel.conf
# Fail2Ban configuration file
#
# Author: K2patel
#
# $Revision: 1 $
#
[Definition]
# Option: failregex
# Notes.: regex to match the password failures messages in the logfile. The
# host must be matched by a group named "host". The tag "<HOST>" can
# be used for standard IP/hostname matching and is only an alias for
# (?:::f{4,6}:)?(?P<host>\S+)
# Values: TEXT
#
failregex = Treason uncloaked! Peer <HOST>:.*$
# Option: ignoreregex
# Notes.: regex to ignore. If this regex matches, the line is ignored.
# Values: TEXT
#
ignoreregex =
Restart service now
Issue && Fixes¶
My server did not get started¶
First thing try to run your server from command line.
usually following command will do it.
resolve error or google it if dont know how to.
Sock file is not get removed during start¶
check if this file exists.
Your can fix that issue by adding -x in your startup script.This issue appear if your fail2ban is get started using "fail2ban-client".
e.g. test test test.
How to test regex for logs¶
As good software it come with good utility called "fail2ban-regex"
which help you to test your regex against your log as well your custom string.
fail2ban-regex /var/log/messages 'reverse mapping checking getaddrinfo [-/\w]+ .* \[<HOST>\] failed .*$'
which provides you result if your strings match.
Rotate log¶
As your standard installation from distribution will generate log on the system.
So it is necessary to rotate it to avoid any file limit.
File: /etc/logrotate.d/fail2ban
/var/log/fail2ban.log {
weekly
rotate 7
missingok
compress
size 4M
postrotate
/etc/init.d/fail2ban reload
endscript
}
If you do not have init script you can use following code to reload fail2ban as postrotate command.
NOTE : Path for fail2ban-client need to changed if you are using other than OpenSUSE
Final Words¶
you can check blocked ip using following command
Hope fully this will help you